National Museum Of Iceland

Overview

The National Museum of Iceland, known locally as Þjóðminjasafn Íslands, stands as a pivotal institution in Reykjavik, offering a profound journey through the nation's rich history and cultural heritage. Established in 1863, the museum serves as the primary repository for artifacts, artworks, and documents that chronicle the Icelandic story from the earliest days of settlement to the present day. Its permanent exhibition, aptly titled 'Making of a Nation – Heritage and History in Iceland,' provides a comprehensive and engaging narrative across 1200 years. The museum's collections, encompassing over 2,000 objects and 1,000 photographs, offer visitors a unique and immersive insight into the lives, struggles, and triumphs of generations of Icelanders.

Located centrally in Reykjavik, near the University of Iceland and Tjörnin pond, the museum is easily accessible and a must-visit for anyone seeking to understand the unique cultural identity of this island nation. It plays a critical role in shaping and reflecting the cultural consciousness of Iceland, functioning not merely as a display space but as a dynamic center for preservation, research, and education.

History & Cultural Background

The origins of the National Museum of Iceland trace back to February 24, 1863, when it was founded to house Icelandic artifacts that had previously been kept in Danish museums and private collections. Initially named the Antiquarian Collection (Forngripasafnið), its establishment reflected a burgeoning national identity in Iceland. Jón Árnason, a national librarian, was appointed as the first curator, laying the groundwork for the institution. Sigurður Guðmundsson, the second curator, was instrumental in continuing the collection of antiquities and advocating for the museum's role. The name officially changed to the National Museum of Iceland in 1911.

For many decades, the museum's growing collection lacked a permanent home, residing in various attics across Reykjavik, including the Cathedral, the Parliament building, and for 40 years, the attic of the National Library (now the Culture House). It wasn't until 1950, following Iceland's establishment as a republic in 1944, that the museum finally settled into its current purpose-built home at Suðurgata 41. This move symbolized a coming-of-age for the nation, as it finally had a dedicated space to celebrate and safeguard its heritage.

What Makes It Special

The National Museum of Iceland distinguishes itself through its comprehensive and chronologically arranged exhibition, 'Making of a Nation,' which visually guides visitors through the country's evolution. Unlike many museums that might present isolated historical fragments, this exhibition crafts a continuous narrative from the Viking Age settlement in the 9th century to the modern era. It's a progression that starts with the ship of early settlers and culminates with images of contemporary Iceland, using approximately 2,000 objects and 1,000 photographs to illustrate this epic journey.

A standout artifact is the Valþjófsstaður door, a remarkable 12th or 13th-century church door intricately carved with the legend of a knight slaying a dragon and subsequently freeing a lion that becomes his loyal companion. This piece is particularly significant as it is believed to be the only Icelandic door featuring runic script carvings. Beyond individual items, the museum's strength lies in its ability to tell a cohesive story of a unique society forged in isolation, tested by nature, and shaped by ingenuity and resilience. It provides not just objects but the cultural context, including insights into the shift from paganism to Christianity and then to Lutheranism, and their impact on daily life.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

One fascinating aspect of Icelandic history highlighted by the museum is the unique mingling of cultures during its settlement. While most men came from Norway, DNA evidence suggests that many of the women were Celtic, often brought as enslaved people. This detail adds a deeper layer to the nation's origin story, subtly challenging the narratives found in some sagas.

A fun fact for visitors is that admission to the National Museum often includes entry to the Culture House, another significant exhibition space located a short walk away. The Culture House, once housing the National Library, now showcases exhibitions in collaboration with various cultural institutions, providing a double dose of cultural exploration with a single ticket. The museum is also known for its extensive collection of photographs and prints, boasting over four million images, both amateur and professional, which serve as an invaluable visual record of Iceland's past. Moreover, the museum offers a free audio guide in multiple languages, including English, accessible via smartphone, allowing for a personalized and in-depth exploration of the exhibits.

Visitor Perspective

For any traveler to Reykjavik, the National Museum of Iceland offers an enriching and accessible experience. Its location at Suðurgata 41 is a short walk from the city center and the University of Iceland, making it convenient to incorporate into a day of exploration. The museum is designed to be fully wheelchair accessible, with elevators and wheelchairs available at reception, ensuring that history is accessible to all. For those with visual impairments, maps and exhibit texts are available in Braille, further enhancing inclusivity.

Visitors often appreciate the chronological layout, which makes the extensive history easy to follow, and the interactive displays and multimedia presentations bring the past to life for all ages. The museum's café on the ground floor, beneath a beautiful glass roof, provides a pleasant spot for refreshments, offering traditional Icelandic baked goods like 'kleina' and 'snúður'. The museum shop also offers a selection of custom-made goods, handicrafts, and books related to Icelandic language, art, and culture, perfect for finding a meaningful souvenir. With its clear narrative, impressive artifacts, and thoughtful visitor amenities, the National Museum of Iceland is frequently recommended as a 'must-see' for anyone interested in Icelandic culture and history, promising a rewarding experience that typically requires at least two to three hours to fully appreciate.