Frankfurt Cathedral

Overview

The Frankfurt Cathedral, officially known as the Imperial Cathedral of Saint Bartholomew (Kaiserdom Sankt Bartholomäus), stands majestically in the heart of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. This prominent Roman Catholic Gothic church is a powerful symbol of the city's rich history and architectural grandeur. Despite its common English name, it has never actually been an episcopal see, meaning it was not the seat of a bishop. However, its historical importance as the election and coronation church of the Holy Roman Emperors earned it the revered title of 'Kaiserdom' or Imperial Cathedral.

Its striking red sandstone facade and imposing 95-meter-high tower dominate the city skyline, inviting visitors to delve into centuries of European history.

History & Cultural Background

The site of Frankfurt Cathedral has been a place of worship since the 7th century, with archaeological findings confirming a small Merovingian chapel from before 680 AD. This initial structure was part of a royal court and was enlarged in 794 to host the Council of Frankfurt. Over the centuries, several churches were built on these foundations, including the Salvator Basilica consecrated in 852. The current Gothic edifice began to take shape in the 13th century, with construction continuing through the 14th and 15th centuries.

A pivotal moment in its history occurred in 1239 when the church was dedicated to Saint Bartholomew the Apostle, and a relic of his skull was brought to the church. From 1356, following the Golden Bull issued by Charles IV, the cathedral became the designated site for the election of the Kings of the Romans, who would become Holy Roman Emperors. Between 1562 and 1792, ten Holy Roman Emperors were crowned within its sacred walls, solidifying its role as a central stage for imperial power and unity.

The cathedral has faced significant challenges. It was largely destroyed by fire in 1867 and meticulously rebuilt in its present style. Further devastation occurred during World War II, particularly during Allied bombings in 1944, which left the interior gutted. However, through extensive restoration efforts between 1948 and 1953, and subsequent restorations, the cathedral was brought back to its former glory, symbolizing resilience and historical continuity.

What Makes It Special

What truly sets Frankfurt Cathedral apart is its extraordinary dual identity: an 'Imperial Cathedral' that was never a bishop's seat. This unique status stems from its unparalleled importance in the Holy Roman Empire, serving as the ceremonial heart for centuries of imperial elections and coronations.

Architecturally, it is a magnificent example of Gothic design, constructed from striking red sandstone. The interior boasts soaring vaulted ceilings, intricate stonework, and impressive altarpieces, including the 1434 Maria-Schlaf-Altar depicting the Dormition of the Virgin. The Electors' Chapel (Wahlkapelle) remains a poignant space where many kings and emperors were chosen, providing a tangible link to medieval imperial politics.

The Cathedral Museum, adjacent to the main building, houses a collection of valuable religious artifacts and vestments, including the precious reliquary of St. Bartholomew's skull.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

• The cathedral's full official name is 'Kaiserdom Sankt Bartholomäus', or Imperial Cathedral of Saint Bartholomew, named after the apostle whose skull relic is preserved here.

• Despite being called a 'cathedral' in English, it holds the honorary title of 'Dom' (great church) due to its historical significance, not because it housed a bishop's see.

• The current structure is the fourth, and some sources say even the fifth, church built on this sacred ground, with roots dating back to a 7th-century chapel.

• The church was historically painted with vibrant red colors in the nave, a detail sometimes restored in modern interventions, giving it a distinctive aesthetic compared to other Gothic churches.

• The tower, standing at 95 meters, was completed in 1878 following the 1867 fire, based on original plans from the 15th century. It is sometimes jokingly referred to as 'Frankfurt's first skyscraper'.

• Before electric motors, ringing the massive Gloriosa bell (weighing almost 12 tons) required 18 men, and its sound is said to make the air vibrate.

Visitor Perspective

Visiting Frankfurt Cathedral offers a profound journey through time. Entry to the main part of the cathedral is typically free, allowing visitors to experience its serene atmosphere and architectural splendor.

For those seeking panoramic vistas, climbing the 328 steps to the top of the 95-meter tower is a highly recommended experience. From the observation platform at 66 meters, you are rewarded with breathtaking views of Frankfurt's skyline, the winding Main River, and the charming Old Town (Altstadt), including the Römerberg. The climb can be demanding but is well worth the effort.

Inside, the cathedral's interior is a testament to Gothic craftsmanship, with high Gothic windows, numerous sculptures, and impressive altars. The adjacent Cathedral Museum offers further insights into its rich history and art. Located conveniently in the heart of Frankfurt's Old Town, the cathedral is surrounded by other historical attractions, making it an essential stop for any traveler exploring the city.