Upper Courtyard

Overview

Perched majestically atop a 37-meter high cliff overlooking the Adriatic Sea, the Upper Courtyard of Fort Lovrijenac in Dubrovnik, Croatia, represents the pinnacle of this formidable fortress. While Fort Lovrijenac itself is a triangular structure built on multiple levels, the Upper Courtyard refers to one of its highest terraces, offering unparalleled panoramic views of Dubrovnik's Old Town, the shimmering sea, and the picturesque Kolorina Bay. It serves as a vital vantage point, historically crucial for defense and now cherished for its breathtaking vistas. Stepping into this elevated space, visitors can truly grasp the strategic brilliance and enduring spirit of the former Republic of Ragusa.

History & Cultural Background

Fort Lovrijenac, often called 'Dubrovnik's Gibraltar' or St. Lawrence Fortress, has a rich and storied past dating back to at least the 11th century, though official records mention it in 1301. Legend has it that the fort was constructed in a remarkable three months by the people of Dubrovnik to thwart an imminent Venetian invasion, arriving just as Venetian ships laden with building materials approached. This swift construction secured Dubrovnik's independence, a testament to the city's resolve.

Throughout the centuries, the fort underwent numerous reinforcements, particularly in the 15th and 16th centuries, with significant repairs following the devastating 1667 earthquake. The Upper Courtyard, as part of the fort's three terraces, played a crucial role in its defensive capabilities, allowing soldiers to monitor both land and sea approaches. The fortress's unique architecture is evident even at its highest points; while the seaward walls facing potential threats are incredibly thick, reaching up to 12 meters, the walls facing the city are a mere 60 centimeters thick. This deliberate design was a safeguard, ensuring that if a commander ever contemplated a coup, the city's own artillery could quickly breach the fort. After the fall of the Republic of Ragusa, the fort served various purposes, including a barracks and a prison during Austrian occupation.

What Makes It Special

The Upper Courtyard is particularly special for its commanding position and the profound sense of history it evokes. It is here that one can truly appreciate the strategic genius behind Fort Lovrijenac's construction. The panoramic views from this elevated space are arguably among the best in Dubrovnik, encompassing the entirety of the Old Town's red-tiled roofs, the endless expanse of the Adriatic, and the distant Lokrum Island.

Beyond its visual splendor, the Upper Courtyard, along with the fort's other terraces, has transformed into a renowned cultural venue. It is perhaps most famous globally as a prominent filming location for the 'Game of Thrones' series, doubling as the Red Keep in King's Landing. More traditionally, it is celebrated as an open-air stage for the Dubrovnik Summer Festival, particularly acclaimed for its theatrical performances of Shakespeare's 'Hamlet,' with its ancient stone walls providing a dramatic and authentic backdrop. The integration of ancient history with contemporary cultural events gives this space a unique charm.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

One of the most profound local details found within Fort Lovrijenac, and particularly resonant when standing in its Upper Courtyard, is the inscription above the main entrance: 'NON BENE PRO TOTO LIBERTAS VENDITUR AURO,' which translates to 'Freedom is not to be sold for all the gold in the world'. This powerful motto encapsulates the spirit of Dubrovnik's independence and its unwavering commitment to liberty, a sentiment deeply felt when overlooking the city it protected.

Another fascinating detail from the fort's defensive past is the legendary 'Lizard' (Gušter) cannon, crafted by Ivan Rabljanin in 1537. While ten large cannons were typically positioned on the fort's rooftop, the 'Lizard' is famously said to have never been fired in battle. This reflects a period of relatively peaceful deterrence or perhaps a symbolic power. The very existence of this formidable artillery on the upper levels of the fort highlights the constant state of readiness the Republic maintained.

Visitor Perspective

Reaching the Upper Courtyard involves climbing over 200 stairs, a journey that is both a physical endeavor and a symbolic ascent into history. However, the effort is undeniably rewarded the moment one steps onto the highest terrace. Visitors are greeted by breathtaking vistas that make every step worthwhile. As you explore the various levels, including the inner courtyard with its high arches and stone passageways, you'll feel transported back in time. The atmosphere is often less crowded than the city walls, offering a more serene and contemplative experience. It's a place for reflection, for appreciating medieval engineering, and for capturing truly spectacular photographs of one of the Adriatic's most iconic cities. For those with a ticket to the Dubrovnik City Walls, entry to Fort Lovrijenac, and thus its magnificent Upper Courtyard, is typically included, offering excellent value for exploring two of Dubrovnik's most impressive historical sites.