Upper Colonnade and Gallery

Overview

Nestled within the ancient city of Aspendos, near Antalya, Turkey, stands one of the best-preserved Roman theatres in the world. While the entire structure is a testament to ancient engineering, a particularly striking feature is the Upper Colonnade and Gallery. This architectural element, encircling the uppermost section of the auditorium, is much more than mere decoration; it is an integral part of the theatre's enduring charm and functional genius. Often described as a gallery of arches or a barrel-vaulted colonnade, it completes the grand sweep of the seating area, contributing significantly to both its aesthetic appeal and its renowned acoustics. Visitors to Aspendos are invited to step back in time and explore this marvel, where the echoes of ancient performances still seem to linger among the stone arches.

History & Cultural Background

The Aspendos Theatre was constructed in the 2nd century AD, during the reign of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (161-180 AD). The brilliant Greek architect, Zenon, a native of Aspendos, was responsible for its design. Funding for this monumental project came from two wealthy brothers, Curtius Crispinus and Curtius Auspicatus, who dedicated the theatre to the gods and the Imperial house. While built under Roman rule, the theatre incorporates many features typical of Greek design, such as its horseshoe-shaped auditorium, partly resting against a hillside. The Upper Colonnade and Gallery, a distinctly Roman addition, would have provided structural support and an elevated promenade, marking a fusion of architectural styles. The theatre's remarkable preservation owes much to its continuous use throughout history; during the Seljuk period in the 13th century, it was used as a caravanserai and even converted into a palace, which led to its repair and restoration over time.

What Makes It Special

The Upper Colonnade and Gallery of the Aspendos Theatre is a masterpiece of Roman architectural ingenuity. This arcaded gallery, nearly intact, crowns the upper rows of the seating area, forming a dramatic backdrop against the sky. Its primary function was not only aesthetic but also practical. An arcade supported by this colonnade once provided shade to spectators through a linen canopy, known as a velarium, which could be extended over the audience to protect them from the sun. More profoundly, this upper structure played a crucial role in the theatre's legendary acoustics. It helped to contain and amplify sound, contributing to the phenomenon where a whisper on the stage can be heard clearly in the highest rows of the theatre, even today. The barrel-vaulted colonnade creates intriguing shadow play between its columns, adding to the visual depth and grandeur of the theatre. The sheer scale and intricate details of this upper section underscore the advanced engineering capabilities of its builders.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

The theatre's construction is entwined with a captivating local legend. It is said that the ruler of Aspendos organized a competition, promising his daughter's hand in marriage to the person who created the most beneficial structure for the city. Two brothers were finalists: one constructed an aqueduct that supplied the city with water, while the other, Zenon, built the magnificent theatre. The ruler was initially swayed by the aqueduct but was then invited to the theatre. As he stood at its highest point, he heard a clear voice whisper, 'Your daughter must be mine!' Looking down, he saw Zenon on the stage. The ruler was so impressed by the theatre's acoustics that he awarded Zenon his daughter. The wedding, fittingly, took place in the theatre itself. While the legend focuses on the stage, the perfect acoustics it describes are facilitated by the entire structure, including the strategically placed Upper Colonnade and Gallery. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Turkish Republic, visited Aspendos in the 1930s and, recognizing its historical value, ordered its renovation, ensuring its preservation for future generations. Today, the theatre continues to host events, most notably the International Aspendos Opera and Ballet Festival, allowing modern audiences to experience its acoustic perfection.

Visitor Perspective

Ascending to the Upper Colonnade and Gallery offers a truly awe-inspiring perspective of the Aspendos Theatre. From this elevated vantage point, visitors can appreciate the vastness of the auditorium, the intricate design of the stage building, and the surrounding ancient landscape. The feeling of standing where thousands of spectators once gathered, looking down at the ancient stage, evokes a profound connection to the past. The play of light and shadow through the arches creates a dramatic atmosphere, perfect for photography and contemplation. While the climb involves ancient stone steps, the reward is a panoramic view and a deeper understanding of the theatre's architectural brilliance. It provides an opportunity to marvel at how ancient architects considered every detail, from comfort and shade to the unparalleled acoustic experience, all embodied by the thoughtful design of this upper gallery. Many visitors consider this area to offer some of the best views and a unique sense of the theatre's scale and enduring legacy.