Upper Belvedere

Overview

Perched majestically atop a gentle incline in Vienna, Austria, the Upper Belvedere stands as a breathtaking testament to Baroque artistry and historical significance. Part of the sprawling Belvedere Palace complex, this grand edifice was not originally conceived as a primary residence but rather as a ceremonial summer palace and a dazzling display of Prince Eugene of Savoy's power and taste. Today, it serves as one of Austria's most important art museums, housing an unparalleled collection that spans centuries, with its undisputed centerpiece being Gustav Klimt's 'The Kiss'.

Visitors to the Upper Belvedere are immediately struck by its architectural splendor and the rich artistic heritage it preserves. Beyond its renowned artworks, the palace itself is a work of art, featuring magnificent staterooms like the Marble Hall and Carlone Hall, adorned with intricate frescoes and sculptures that transport one back to the opulent 18th century.

History & Cultural Background

The construction of the Upper Belvedere began in 1717, commissioned by the celebrated military genius Prince Eugene of Savoy. Designed by the visionary architect Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt, it was completed by 1723. Unlike the nearby Lower Belvedere, which served as the prince's living quarters, the Upper Belvedere was intended primarily for grand receptions and to showcase his extensive art collection and library. It was a 'showpiece' built to impress, reflecting the prosperity and architectural flourish of Vienna during the Baroque era following successful campaigns against the Ottoman Empire.

Following Prince Eugene's death in 1736, the complex eventually passed to the Habsburg monarchy. Empress Maria Theresa acquired it in 1752 and, remarkably, transformed the Upper Belvedere into an exhibition venue for the imperial collections, making it one of the first public museums in the world in 1781. This progressive decision laid the foundation for its enduring legacy as a custodian of art and culture. The palace continued its significant role, even serving as the official residence for Archduke Franz Ferdinand for a period starting in 1896.

What Makes It Special

The Upper Belvedere's unique allure stems from its dual identity as both a Baroque masterpiece and a treasure trove of Austrian art. Its stunning architecture, characterized by ornate decorations and elaborate facades, is a prime example of the era's grandeur.

However, what truly sets it apart is its unparalleled art collection. It houses the world's largest collection of paintings by Gustav Klimt, including his iconic 'The Kiss' (painted 1907-1908), a masterpiece of Vienna Secession art known for its gold leaf and intricate symbolism. Beyond Klimt, the museum showcases a comprehensive overview of Austrian art from the Middle Ages to the present day, featuring works by other prominent figures of Viennese Modernism such as Egon Schiele and Oskar Kokoschka, as well as significant pieces from French Impressionism and the Biedermeier period.

The palace's interior, particularly the Marble Hall with its illusory quadratura painting by Gaetano Fanti and ceiling fresco by Carlo Carlone, offers a spectacular experience, with large windows providing a scenic view of the Baroque Garden and the Lower Belvedere.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

Prince Eugene, a military general, adorned both his palaces, including the Upper Belvedere, with reminders of his triumphs, ensuring his legacy was celebrated through art and architecture. It's fascinating to consider that this lavish 'display palace' was not where the Prince actually lived day-to-day, highlighting its purely representational function.

Gustav Klimt's 'The Kiss', while now universally adored, was met with some controversy upon its initial exhibition, with critics initially dismissing it as 'decorative'. Despite this, the state promptly purchased it, recognizing its artistic merit. The painting's ornate vibrancy and use of gold leaf were influenced by Klimt's study of Byzantine mosaics, creating a truly unique visual language.

Another notable work found within the Upper Belvedere is Jacques-Louis David's 'Napoleon Crossing the Alps', one of several versions, depicting a pivotal moment in Napoleon's rise to power and serving as a piece of propaganda art commissioned by the emperor himself.

Visitor Perspective

Visiting the Upper Belvedere offers a journey through architectural grandeur and artistic evolution. The experience often begins by ascending the Grand Staircase, leading into the opulent halls. While 'The Kiss' is a primary draw for many, it is crucial to appreciate the broader context of the museum's collection, which spans over 800 years of art history.

The sheer scale of the palace and the meticulously maintained Baroque gardens connecting the Upper and Lower Belvedere contribute to an immersive historical experience. The Mirror Pool in front of the Upper Belvedere beautifully reflects its facade, offering iconic photo opportunities. Beyond the famous paintings, taking time to admire the ceiling frescoes, the rich gilding, and the carefully crafted details of the palace interiors enhances the understanding of its original purpose and the artistic period it represents.