Tower Of King René

Overview

Nestled within the historic walls of Fort Saint-Jean, at the entrance to Marseille's vibrant Old Port, stands the venerable Tower Of King René. This imposing square tower, an integral part of the larger Fort Saint-Jean complex, offers a captivating journey back in time. Today, it forms a significant component of the Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisations (MuCEM), gracefully bridging ancient history with contemporary culture. Visitors are drawn to its commanding presence and, more importantly, to the breathtaking 360-degree panoramic views it offers of the bustling Old Port, the endless Mediterranean Sea, and the charming city of Marseille.

Unlike the later round Fanal Tower also located within Fort Saint-Jean, the Tower Of King René distinguishes itself with its robust, square architecture, a testament to its 15th-century origins. It represents a focal point for understanding Marseille's medieval defenses and the enduring legacy of one of Provence's most beloved rulers. Its restoration and integration into MuCEM have ensured that this historical gem is not just a relic of the past but a living part of the city's cultural landscape, inviting exploration and reflection.

History & Cultural Background

The story of the Tower Of King René is deeply intertwined with the tumultuous history of Marseille. Built between 1447 and 1453, the tower was commissioned by René I of Anjou, often affectionately known as 'the Good King René'. King René, a figure of immense cultural influence, held numerous titles including Duke of Anjou, Count of Provence, and titular King of Naples and Jerusalem. His reign was marked by a period of peace and prosperity in Provence, and he was renowned for his love of the arts, literature, and his just character.

The tower's construction was a direct response to the sacking of Marseille by the Aragonese in 1423, an event during which the city's defenses were severely compromised and even the great chain that protected the port was stolen. To bolster the port's security, King René decided to erect a more formidable structure, replacing the older Tour Maubert. The financing of this crucial defense project was a collaborative effort, with contributions from King René himself, the city of Marseille, and notably, the local fishermen of the Saint-Jean quarter. These fishermen's support was secured by granting them perpetual fishing rights in the Calanque de Morgiou, a unique local detail highlighting the community's stake in its own protection.

While the Tower Of King René predates much of the Fort Saint-Jean, which was largely constructed by order of Louis XIV between 1668 and 1671, it was seamlessly incorporated into the later, larger military complex. The site itself has even older roots, having been occupied by the Military Order of the Knights Hospitaller of Saint John of Jerusalem since the 12th century, serving as a departure point for Crusaders heading to the Holy Land.

What Makes It Special

The Tower Of King René stands out for several compelling reasons. Firstly, its sheer age marks it as one of the oldest and most historically significant elements within the vast Fort Saint-Jean. Dating back to the mid-15th century, its sturdy square form contrasts with the later round Fanal Tower, providing a tangible link to Marseille's late medieval period. Its primary function was surveillance and defense, equipped with cannons that once overlooked the Old Port, ready to protect against maritime threats.

Beyond its defensive capabilities, what truly elevates the Tower Of King René is its intimate connection to 'the Good King René' himself. He was a monarch who valued culture and the well-being of his people, fostering a golden age for Provence. Visitors stepping inside are not just observing a historical structure but are immersed in the legacy of a ruler who left an indelible mark on the region. Today, it serves as a dedicated exhibition space within MuCEM, specifically designed to narrate the fascinating history of the site. The opportunity to ascend its 147 steps to the rooftop terrace is a reward in itself, offering unparalleled panoramic vistas that sweep across the Old Port, the Mediterranean, and the urban tapestry of Marseille.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

• A King of Many Hats, and a Poet's Heart: King René was not just a monarch; he was a celebrated patron of the arts, a poet, and a scholar. He composed allegorical tales, designed elaborate pageants, and gathered artists and thinkers around him, establishing a vibrant cultural court. This 'king without a kingdom' in some respects, left a far more lasting cultural legacy than many of his warring contemporaries.
• Fishermen's Bargain: The funding for the tower's construction involved a unique arrangement where local fishermen contributed significantly, and in return, King René granted them exclusive, perpetual rights to tuna fishing in the Calanque de Morgiou. This illustrates the pragmatic and community-oriented spirit of the time.
• The Stolen Chain: The tower's construction was partly motivated by the audacious theft of the massive defensive chain that protected Marseille's port when the city was sacked. The new tower was a declaration that Marseille would not be caught unprepared again.
• A High Dive That Wasn't: In 2017, there was an intriguing proposal for the Tower Of King René to host a Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series event. While the tower's height and the harbor's depth were technically suitable, scheduling conflicts ultimately prevented this modern spectacle from taking place against such an ancient backdrop.

Visitor Perspective

Visiting the Tower Of King René today is an enriching experience seamlessly integrated into a trip to MuCEM. The Fort Saint-Jean, including the tower, is generally accessible for free, inviting visitors to wander its ancient grounds. You can reach the fort via elegant footbridges that connect it to the J4 building of MuCEM and the historic Le Panier district, providing a delightful transition between old and new.

While exploring, take your time to appreciate the Tower Of King René's square form and climb its 147 steps to reach the expansive 180 m² rooftop terrace. The reward is an utterly spectacular 360-degree panorama of the Old Port, Notre-Dame de la Garde, and the endless blue of the Mediterranean. Inside, exhibitions offer deeper insights into the fort's long and varied history. For the best experience and to avoid crowds, consider visiting early in the morning. Comfortable shoes are highly recommended to navigate the fort's historic pathways and the tower's steps. Within the fort, you'll also discover the serene Jardin des Migrations, a Mediterranean garden offering a 'veritable interlude of nature' amidst the stone ramparts.