Statues Of The Apostles

Overview

Perched majestically atop the Helsinki Cathedral, the Statues Of The Apostles stand as silent guardians over the bustling Senate Square and the city of Helsinki, Finland. These twelve imposing figures, depicting the closest disciples of Jesus, are an integral part of the cathedral's iconic neoclassical facade. Far from being mere decorative elements, they are steeped in history and cultural significance, offering a unique glimpse into 19th-century artistry and religious symbolism. Visitors from around the world are drawn to their commanding presence, an enduring testament to faith and architectural vision.

History & Cultural Background

The Helsinki Cathedral, originally known as St. Nicholas' Church, was primarily designed by the renowned German-born architect Carl Ludvig Engel. While Engel envisioned a grand and austere neoclassical masterpiece, his untimely death in 1840 meant he never saw its completion. It was his successor, Ernst Bernhard Lohrmann, who took over the project.

Following Engel's passing, a church building committee reportedly deemed the cathedral's central dome and main body visually unbalanced. To address this perceived aesthetic deficiency, Lohrmann commissioned the addition of the twelve colossal statues of the Apostles. These magnificent figures were the work of two notable German sculptors: August Wredow, who created statues including Andrew, Matthew, Jude, John, Philip, and Bartholomew, and Hermann Schievelbein, responsible for Paul, Jacob, Matthias, Peter, Simon, and Thomas. The statues were meticulously cast in zinc in Berlin between 1845 and 1847, arriving in Finland in several shipments from 1847 to 1848, and finally placed on the cathedral's pediments around 1849-1850.

What Makes It Special

What truly sets the Statues Of The Apostles apart is their material and their scale. They collectively form one of the world's largest uniform collections of zinc sculptures, a testament to the metallurgical advancements and artistic practices of the mid-19th century. This makes them not only a significant religious and artistic landmark but also a fascinating example of industrial art. Crafted with neoclassical precision, each statue is not merely a representation but a characterization, imbued with symbolic attributes that help identify the apostle and convey aspects of their life or martyrdom. They stand as rare and impressive examples of Neoclassical sculptural art within Finland, commanding attention from their elevated positions.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

The decision to add the statues was, in a way, an architectural 'fix' to Engel's original, more restrained design. It's a whimsical thought to imagine the committee debating the 'balance' of such a monumental structure, ultimately leading to the creation of these dramatic additions that now define the cathedral's silhouette. Each apostle carries distinct attributes that tell their story. For instance, Saint Peter is famously depicted holding two keys, symbolizing his role as the keeper of the 'keys to the Kingdom of Heaven,' and is considered the patron saint of locksmiths. Saint Thomas, known as the doubter, holds a right-angle, reflecting his patronage of architects and builders. Saint Simon Zelotes is identified by a saw, while Saint Paul, who championed the early Christian church, is shown with a sword. These intricate details invite contemplation and discovery for those who take the time to observe them closely, revealing layers of historical and theological meaning.

Over the years, these zinc sculptures have weathered the Nordic climate. During a comprehensive renovation of the Helsinki Cathedral between 1996 and 1998, the apostle statues also underwent significant restoration, with the efforts partly funded by public donations, highlighting their importance to the local community.

Visitor Perspective

Viewing the Statues Of The Apostles offers a unique perspective on Helsinki's cultural landscape. From the ground of Senate Square, their grandeur is undeniable, adding a dramatic flourish to the cathedral's already impressive architecture. Many visitors enjoy the challenge of identifying each apostle by their unique attributes, transforming a simple observation into an engaging historical scavenger hunt. Beyond their artistic and historical merit, these figures embody a sense of enduring guardianship, overseeing national events and daily life in the heart of Helsinki. They are a constant, stoic presence that has witnessed centuries of change, inviting reflection on the passage of time and the continuity of faith in this vibrant northern capital. Standing beneath them, one can't help but feel a connection to the rich tapestry of Finnish history and European artistry.