Reflective Water Pool

Overview

Deep beneath the bustling streets of Istanbul, Turkey, lies a mesmerizing underground world known as the Basilica Cistern, or Yerebatan Sarnıcı in Turkish, meaning 'Sunken Palace'. Among its many captivating features, the tranquil, shallow waters create a stunning 'Reflective Water Pool' that mirrors the ancient columns and vaulted ceilings above, enhancing the mystical atmosphere of this historic site. This grand Byzantine engineering marvel, situated just southwest of Hagia Sophia, invites visitors to step back in time and explore a unique subterranean landscape.

The Basilica Cistern is the largest of several hundred ancient cisterns beneath Istanbul, a testament to the sophisticated water supply systems of Constantinople. Today, illuminated pathways guide visitors across the water's surface, allowing for an immersive experience of its silent, echoing chambers. The interplay of soft lighting and the shimmering reflections of 336 marble columns, many of which are repurposed from older Roman structures, transforms the space into an otherworldly spectacle.

History & Cultural Background

The construction of the Basilica Cistern dates back to the 6th century, commissioned by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I between 527 and 565 AD, following the destructive Nika riots. Its primary purpose was to supply water to the Great Palace of Constantinople and other important buildings in the area, particularly during sieges or summer dry seasons. Historical texts suggest that around 7,000 slaves were involved in its arduous construction.

The cistern's design showcases remarkable Byzantine engineering, measuring approximately 140 meters in length and 70 meters in width, covering an area of nearly 10,000 square meters. It was capable of holding an immense volume of water, estimated to be between 80,000 to 100,000 cubic meters. Water was transported to the cistern via aqueducts, such as the Valens Aqueduct, from distant forests. After the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, the cistern continued to supply water, notably to Topkapi Palace, before eventually falling into disuse and being largely forgotten until its rediscovery in the 16th century by Petrus Gyllius.

What Makes It Special

The 'Reflective Water Pool' within the Basilica Cistern is arguably its most enchanting feature. The stillness of the shallow water creates a near-perfect mirror, capturing the architectural grandeur of the column forest and the subtle interplay of light. This visual effect, coupled with the cool, damp air and ambient sounds, contributes to a profound sense of tranquility and mystique.

Beyond the reflections, the cistern's structural elements are equally captivating. The 336 marble columns, arranged in 12 rows of 28, are each 9 meters high and exhibit diverse styles, including Ionic, Corinthian, and Doric, indicating they were repurposed from earlier Roman structures. This 'spolia' adds layers of history and a sense of continuity. The modern walkways, installed during recent restorations, allow visitors to traverse the water, offering unparalleled views and photographic opportunities of this 'underground palace.'

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

The Basilica Cistern is steeped in fascinating stories and myths. Most famous are the two Medusa heads, used as column bases in the northwestern corner of the cistern. One is placed sideways, and the other upside down. While their exact origin and reason for this unusual placement are debated, popular theories suggest it was done to negate Medusa's petrifying gaze, or simply due to the practical need for suitable column supports, possibly salvaged from a pagan temple.

Another intriguing feature is the 'Crying Column,' also known as the Hen's Eye or Peacock Eye Column. This column features distinctive carvings resembling teardrops and perpetually appears wet. Legend holds that these tears commemorate the thousands of slaves who died during the cistern's construction. Visitors sometimes place their thumb in a small hole on the column and rotate their hand, making a wish, adding a touch of interactive folklore to the visit. The cistern's unique atmosphere has also made it a popular backdrop for films, including a James Bond movie.

Visitor Perspective

Visiting the Basilica Cistern is an experience that transcends a typical historical tour. Descending the 52 stone steps into its depths, one is immediately enveloped by a cooler, quieter world. The dim, atmospheric lighting, often enhanced by contemporary art installations and soft music, creates a sensory journey. The sight of the columns seemingly rising directly from the reflective water, interspersed with schools of fish, evokes a profound sense of awe and wonder.

The elevated wooden platforms allow visitors to comfortably explore the vast chamber, offering different perspectives of the 'Reflective Water Pool' and its mirrored beauty. Standing before the enigmatic Medusa heads or the poignant Crying Column, one can feel connected to centuries of history and mythology. It's a place for quiet contemplation, artistic inspiration, and an unforgettable immersion into Istanbul's rich Byzantine heritage, leaving a lasting impression on every curious traveler.