National Bank Palace

Overview

Nestled within the historic heart of Bucharest's Old Town, the National Bank Palace stands as a formidable testament to Romania's economic prosperity and architectural ambition. This majestic 19th-century edifice serves as the headquarters of the National Bank of Romania (BNR) and is considered one of the capital's most significant public buildings. Its imposing presence, overlooking the bustling Lipscani Street area, captivates visitors with its blend of neoclassical grandeur and intricate detailing, embodying a pivotal period in the country's development.

More than just a financial institution, the palace represents a landmark in Bucharest's architectural landscape, marking a shift towards European styles and an assertion of national identity. It’s a place where history, art, and finance converge, offering a compelling glimpse into Romania's past and its enduring legacy.

History & Cultural Background

The story of the National Bank Palace begins in the late 19th century, a period of significant national and political revival for Romania following the Union of the two Romanian Principalities in 1859. The establishment of a national bank became a top priority, leading to the selection of a prime location in the city's oldest commercial district, the former site of the 17th-century Șerban Vodă Inn.

Construction commenced in July 1884, entrusted to a distinguished team of architects. The initial design was the work of French architects Albert Galleron, known for his contribution to the Romanian Athenaeum, and Cassien Bernard, a collaborator of Charles Garnier of the Paris Opera fame. Romanian architects Grigore Cerchez and Constantin Băicoianu later supervised the construction and interior decorations, ensuring the vision came to life. The grand undertaking was largely completed by 1890, though some sources cite 1900 for its final finishing, taking longer than initially projected due to various challenges, including the Serbian-Bulgarian War of 1885.

The palace was more than just a building; it was the first important banking structure in the capital, symbolizing the economic development of the era and Romania's embrace of European culture.

What Makes It Special

The National Bank Palace is a masterpiece of design, characterized by its French Classicism and academic eclectic style, incorporating elements from French Renaissance architecture. Its monumental facade is a focal point, adorned with six sculptures that add profound symbolic meaning. Four of these, created by Romanian sculptors Ion Georgescu and Ștefan Ionescu Valbudea, represent allegorical characters: Justice (Themis), Agriculture (Ceres), Trade (Mercury), and Industry (Vulcan). These figures eloquently communicate the BNR's dedication to supporting the national economy.

Inside, the Old Palace reveals lavish halls and ornate ceilings, showcasing beautifully preserved historical elements. The most notable public space is the Marble Hall, which once served as the Counters Hall and now houses the BNR Museum. Later, a new wing was added between 1942-1944, harmoniously blending neo-classical styles with modernist influences, featuring impressive granite stairs and Corinthian columns.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

Beyond its official role, the National Bank Palace holds intriguing stories and details. Architect Ion Mincu, a significant figure in Romanian architecture, once proclaimed the BNR Palace 'the most beautiful building in Bucharest,' a testament to its exceptional design. Adding to its historical layers, a small section of the vaulted cellars from the original 17th-century Șerban Vodă Inn, upon which the palace was built, can still be seen today through a protective glass display in front of the bank.

A poignant historical anecdote concerns Romania's national treasure. During World War I, anticipating the invasion of the Central Powers, the BNR's assets, along with other valuable objects, were sent to Moscow for safekeeping. Regrettably, the majority of these priceless items were never returned to Romania, with only the Pietroasele Treasure eventually making its way back.

Visitor Perspective

While the National Bank Palace primarily functions as a central bank, the opportunity to explore its rich history and cultural significance is offered through the BNR Museum, located within the Old Palace. This museum is a treasure trove for enthusiasts of history and numismatics, boasting an impressive collection that spans over two millennia.

Visitors, typically by organized group tours and with prior appointments, can delve into Romania's monetary evolution. The exhibits include ancient coins from places like Histria, Dacian and Roman coinage, and a complete series of Romanian currency issued since 1867. The museum also displays gold bullion and features a gallery dedicated to the portraits of past bank governors. Observing the palace's grand facade from the Old Town streets provides a profound appreciation for its architectural splendor, even without an internal tour.