Marian Column

Overview

In the vibrant heart of Munich, Germany, within the bustling Marienplatz, stands the revered Marian Column, known locally as the Mariensäule. This impressive monument serves as a central landmark and a testament to centuries of Bavarian history and faith. Crowned by a gleaming golden statue of the Virgin Mary, the column draws the eye amidst the grandeur of the surrounding architecture, including the famous New Town Hall. For many, it is not just a statue but a symbolic protector of the city and a cherished meeting point, marking the very center from which all distances in Munich are traditionally measured.

The column is a significant site, embodying both historical resilience and deep-seated religious devotion. It is a focal point for visitors and locals alike, offering a moment of reflection amidst the lively square. The Mariensäule is dedicated to Saint Mary, who is revered as the 'Patrona Bavariae', the patron saint of Bavaria.

History & Cultural Background

The Marian Column was erected in 1638 by Elector Maximilian I of Bavaria. Its construction was a direct fulfillment of a solemn vow made during the harrowing times of the Thirty Years' War. Maximilian I pledged to build the column if Munich and Landshut, the ducal residential cities, were spared from destruction by the Swedish occupation. When the cities remained largely unharmed, the monument was raised as an act of profound gratitude and a symbol of Bavaria's triumph.

The golden statue of the Virgin Mary atop the column predates the column itself. Created by the renowned sculptor Hubert Gerhard in 1593, this figure initially adorned the high altar of Munich's Frauenkirche. She is depicted standing on a crescent moon, a traditional representation of Mary as the Queen of Heaven.

The Marienplatz itself, where the column stands, has been Munich's central square since the city's founding in 1158. Originally known as 'Schrannen' or 'Markth' (market), it was renamed Marienplatz on October 9, 1854. This renaming occurred after a severe cholera epidemic, as a way to place the square under the Virgin Mary's protection, hoping for an end to the disease.

What Makes It Special

Beyond its historical origins, the Marian Column holds a unique place as the first column of its kind built north of the Alps. This pioneering status inspired the erection of similar Marian columns across other parts of Europe. Its enduring presence in Marienplatz signifies not just a historical event, but a continuous expression of Bavarian identity and faith.

The column's base features four remarkable bronze putti, or cherubs, attributed to Ferdinand Murmann. These heroic figures are depicted battling various beasts, each symbolizing a different adversity that Munich and Bavaria overcame. The lion represents war, the basilisk symbolizes pestilence or plague, the dragon stands for hunger or famine, and the serpent embodies heresy. These powerful sculptural elements vividly tell a story of resilience and divine protection.

The inscriptions on the putti's shields are taken from Psalm 91, verse 13, which reads 'Super aspidem et basiliscum ambulabis, et conculcabis leonem et draconem' ('Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet'). This biblical reference further underscores the monument's message of triumph over adversity through faith.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

The Marian Column is more than just an inanimate structure; it is a living part of Munich's cultural and spiritual narrative. It has been a site of pilgrimage and veneration, visited by several Popes throughout history. Pius VI in 1782, John Paul II in 1980, and Benedict XVI in 2006 all paid their respects at the Mariensäule, highlighting its significance within the Catholic world.

Locals often refer to Marienplatz as the 'Guten Stube' or 'front room' of their city, emphasizing its role as a communal gathering space. The column itself is frequently used as a meeting point, a place where friends rendezvous before exploring the city's charming streets. Its prominence ensures it is easily found amidst the bustling activity of the square.

During urban development in 1966 for the construction of the U- and S-Bahn, the column was temporarily removed. It was re-erected in 1970, with the original Baroque base and column being replaced by a copy, ensuring its preservation while maintaining its historical appearance. The original putti figures are now preserved and can be viewed at the Münchner Stadtmuseum.

Visitor Perspective

Standing before the Marian Column, one cannot help but feel a connection to Munich's storied past. It's a place where history intertwines with daily life, a quiet observer of countless events, celebrations, and daily routines that unfold in Marienplatz. The gilded statue gleaming against the sky, the intricately carved putti, and the sheer historical weight of the monument invite contemplation and appreciation.

Whether you are a history enthusiast, a spiritual seeker, or simply a curious traveler, the Mariensäule offers a profound glimpse into the heart and soul of Munich. It stands as a timeless reminder of faith, resilience, and the enduring spirit of a city that has weathered many storms, always under the watchful gaze of its beloved patroness. It is an ideal starting point for exploring the Old Town, with many other significant sights just a short walk away.