Exterior Columns

Overview

Stepping into Vienna's Karlsplatz, one's gaze is immediately drawn to the majestic Karlskirche, and in particular, its two monumental exterior columns. These towering structures, flanking the church's grand entrance, are far more than mere architectural flourishes; they are an integral part of Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach's Baroque masterpiece. Built between 1715 and 1737, the Karlskirche, or St. Charles's Church, stands as a profound symbol of gratitude and resilience, and its columns are perhaps its most distinctive and immediately recognizable feature.

Inspired by ancient Roman triumphal columns, these colossal pillars rise high, intricately carved with a continuous spiral relief. They offer a visual narrative that captivates onlookers, inviting them to ponder the stories etched into their stone. The columns are a testament to the ambitious vision of their creators and represent a unique blend of historical, artistic, and religious influences, making them a focal point for anyone exploring Vienna's rich cultural tapestry.

History & Cultural Background

The genesis of the Karlskirche and its prominent columns lies in one of Vienna's darkest chapters: the devastating plague outbreak of 1713. In the midst of widespread suffering, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI made a solemn vow to construct a magnificent church dedicated to Saint Charles Borromeo, the patron saint revered for his care of plague victims, should the city be spared further devastation.

Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, a celebrated Baroque architect, won the competition to design this votive church. His design was groundbreaking, notably incorporating the two immense columns reminiscent of Trajan's Column in Rome, a monument he knew well from his time there. The construction of these specific elements was a collaborative effort, with Christoph Mader supervising the work and skilled sculptors like Jakob Christoph Schletterer and Lorenzo Mattielli executing the elaborate stone reliefs. The church was ultimately completed in 1737, years after Fischer von Erlach's death, by his son Joseph Emanuel.

What Makes It Special

What truly sets the Karlskirche's exterior columns apart is their multi-layered symbolism and artistic execution. Each column is adorned with a spiral bas-relief, meticulously carved to depict scenes from the life and good deeds of Saint Charles Borromeo, particularly his efforts during plague outbreaks. This architectural storytelling transforms solid stone into a dynamic chronicle of faith and compassion.

Beyond their narrative function, the columns draw inspiration from diverse historical sources. They directly echo Trajan's Column in Rome, a symbol of imperial triumph. Yet, they also carry deeper religious and imperial meanings, believed to recall Boaz and Jachim, the two bronze columns that stood at the entrance of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem. Furthermore, they symbolize the mythical Pillars of Hercules, a motif adopted by Habsburg emperors, including Charles V, to represent imperial power and the motto 'Plus ultra' – 'further still'. For Charles VI, they embodied his personal motto of 'Constantia et fortitudo' (steadfastness and strength). This fusion of classical, biblical, and imperial symbolism imbues the columns with profound significance, making them a unique synthesis of art, history, and theology.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

The columns of Karlskirche are rich with tales and intriguing details. The very act of their creation was a promise fulfilled, born from a city's desperation and an emperor's faith. Imagine the citizens of Vienna, having endured the horrors of the plague, watching these monumental tributes rise, a stone-hewn vow that offered solace and hope.

A fascinating aspect is how the architect, Fischer von Erlach, masterfully wove together disparate architectural elements from across time and cultures. The columns, with their Roman inspiration, stand alongside a Greek temple-style portico, elements of Roman Baroque towers, and even hints of Asian pagoda roofs on the adjacent bell towers, creating a truly unique 'world history of architecture' on a single facade. The imperial intent was clear: to showcase Habsburg power and a universal claim to emperorship under Christianity. The columns, therefore, are not just about Saint Charles Borromeo, but also subtle proclamations of imperial virtue and dominion, linking the emperor to figures like Solomon and Hercules.

Visitor Perspective

For any traveler to Vienna, approaching Karlskirche's exterior columns is an experience in awe and contemplation. Their sheer scale and the intricate details of the spiral reliefs demand closer inspection. Take your time to walk around them, tracing the narratives of Saint Charles Borromeo's life with your eyes, and consider the layers of meaning embedded within their design. These columns invite you to look beyond their aesthetic beauty and delve into the historical context and profound symbolism they represent. They stand proudly as a testament to artistic genius, imperial ambition, and a city's triumph over adversity, offering a compelling glimpse into Vienna's past and the enduring power of architectural expression. The columns, often framed by the reflecting pool in front of the church, create a particularly striking visual, especially during different times of day.