Central Fountain

Overview

Sukhbaatar Square, at the heart of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, serves as a grand stage where the nation's rich history, political life, and vibrant modern culture converge. More than just a public space, it is the symbolic 'point zero' from which all distances in Mongolia are measured, a testament to its central importance. The square is an expansive urban area surrounded by significant governmental and cultural institutions, offering a unique glimpse into the soul of the country. Dominating the square's southern end, the Central Fountain adds a contemporary touch, providing a dynamic interplay of water, light, and sound, especially during Ulaanbaatar's warmer months. This landmark beckons travelers to explore Mongolia's journey, from its revolutionary past to its present-day aspirations, all against the backdrop of its captivating historical narratives.

History & Cultural Background

The origins of Sukhbaatar Square are deeply rooted in Mongolia's early 20th-century struggle for independence and modernization. Originally, the area in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was home to the Yellow Palace, a significant temple-monastery-palace complex. Following the declaration of Mongolia's final independence from China in July 1921, the square was later named in honor of Damdin Sükhbaatar, a pivotal revolutionary hero who died in 1923. His equestrian statue, erected in 1946, stands proudly in the center, commemorating the 25th anniversary of the revolution and marking the spot where his horse allegedly urinated during a celebratory rally in 1921. This detail, steeped in local lore, adds a unique cultural layer to the square's history.

The square has borne witness to many defining moments, including the peaceful anti-communism protests of 1990 that heralded Mongolia's democratic revolution. While briefly renamed Chinggis Square in 2013 to honor Genghis Khan, the original name of Sukhbaatar Square was restored in 2016 after public pressure, reflecting the enduring legacy of Damdin Sükhbaatar. To the north, the majestic Government Palace stands, fronted by an impressive colonnade monument featuring a seated Genghis Khan, flanked by statues of his son Ögedei Khan and grandson Kublai Khan, a grand addition completed in 2006 to mark the 800th anniversary of Genghis Khan's coronation.

What Makes It Special

Sukhbaatar Square is special not only for its grand scale and architectural splendor but also as a vibrant chronicle of Mongolia's evolving identity. It is a place where the spirits of revolutionary heroes and ancient emperors are equally honored. The juxtaposition of the Soviet-era Cultural Palace, the modern Central Tower, and the traditional elements of the square creates a fascinating blend of historical influences and contemporary aspirations. The square's ability to seamlessly transition from a site for solemn state ceremonies and military parades to a lively venue for rock concerts, festivals, and public gatherings highlights its dynamic role in Ulaanbaatar's civic life.

The Central Fountain itself, a relatively recent enhancement, introduces a captivating modern element to this historic space. Opened in 2020, this musical water fountain, spanning 85 meters, features mesmerizing light displays and water shows that draw crowds, particularly during the summer evenings. Its construction, while initially met with some local debate regarding its cost and the removal of trees, represents Ulaanbaatar's ongoing efforts to beautify its public spaces and provide recreational amenities for its citizens and visitors.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

Beneath the powerful symbolism of Sukhbaatar Square lie numerous stories and details that bring its history to life. The equestrian statue of Damdin Sükhbaatar is more than just a memorial; it carries the weight of a legendary moment. The inscription on its base captures Sükhbaatar's rallying cry: 'If we an entire people unite in a common effort and common will, there is nothing in the world that we can not achieve, learn and succeed in.' These words are believed to have been spoken as he drove the Chinese from Mongolia, encapsulating the enduring spirit of national resolve.

The journey of the Central Fountain to its current vibrant state is a story in itself. Plans for a fountain in the square's southern green park had been discussed for years, with an initial agreement in 2006 envisioning both a fountain and an underground car park. However, only the car park materialized at the time, leaving the fountain's space unfulfilled for over a decade. It wasn't until 2019 that the Ulaanbaatar city administration took decisive action to finally construct the long-promised fountain, which then opened the following year. This history adds a layer of perseverance to its presence, symbolizing a commitment to enhancing public joy and communal gathering. Today, it's common to see children driving toy cars around the square and teenagers enjoying bike rides, creating a lively atmosphere that blends historical reverence with everyday fun.

Visitor Perspective

Visiting Sukhbaatar Square, and in particular experiencing the Central Fountain, offers a multifaceted encounter with Ulaanbaatar. For the curious traveler, it is an open-air museum where you can trace the contours of Mongolia's past and present. Start your exploration by taking in the scale of the square, then approach the Central Fountain. Imagine the sounds and lights of its evening shows, a stark contrast to the quiet dignity of the statues. The fountain provides a refreshing focal point, especially during the warmer summer months (June to September), when its water displays are at their best.

As you wander, observe the locals – families enjoying an evening stroll, young couples, and children playing. The square is a place of community, where everyday life unfolds amidst national monuments. Consider visiting during national holidays or festivals to witness the square at its most spirited, alive with parades, concerts, and celebrations. Paying respects at the Sükhbaatar statue and the Genghis Khan monument is a customary gesture for many, including visiting dignitaries, connecting visitors to the nation's foundational figures. Whether you're seeking historical insights, cultural immersion, or simply a vibrant public space to observe daily life, Sukhbaatar Square and its Central Fountain provide a memorable and meaningful experience at the heart of Mongolia's capital.