Bathing Pools

Overview

Deep within the ancient archaeological complex of Goa Gajah, also known as the Elephant Cave, in Bali, Indonesia, lies a remarkable sub-spot: the sacred Bathing Pools, or 'Petirtaan'. These historic pools, unearthed in the mid-20th century, form a crucial part of the Goa Gajah site, nestled amidst lush tropical gardens and towering ancient trees. Far from being merely decorative, these pools have long served as a spiritual cleansing area, drawing both local devotees and curious travelers alike. The Petirtaan are renowned for their distinctive stone carvings, particularly the female figures or 'widyadara' and 'widyadari' that appear to be spouting water, symbolizing purity and renewal. Located near Bedulu Village in Gianyar, a short distance from Ubud, the Bathing Pools offer a tranquil glimpse into Bali's enduring spiritual heritage, showcasing a blend of Hindu and Buddhist influences that have shaped the island's culture for centuries.

History & Cultural Background

The history of Goa Gajah and its Bathing Pools dates back to between the 9th and 11th centuries, flourishing during the era of the Warmadewa dynasty, which reigned in Bali from the 10th to the 14th century. While the main Elephant Cave was rediscovered by Dutch archaeologists in 1923, the existence of the elaborate bathing complex remained hidden beneath layers of earth until 1954. During extensive excavations between 1954 and 1979, the ancient bathing pool was finally unearthed, revealing its six angel statues.

Culturally, the Bathing Pools were designed as a 'petirtaan' or sacred ablution area, where adherents could perform purification rituals, known as 'melukat' in Balinese tradition. The presence of both Hindu and Buddhist relics throughout the Goa Gajah complex suggests a period of remarkable religious harmony in ancient Bali, where both faiths coexisted and likely shared sacred spaces for meditation and worship. The belief in the purifying power of water is central to Balinese Hinduism, making these pools a vital spiritual site. The sacredness of this location is further enhanced by its position at the confluence of two rivers, the Kali Pangkung and the Petanu River, a geographical feature often considered auspicious in Balinese cosmology.

What Makes It Special

What truly sets the Bathing Pools of Goa Gajah apart is their striking architectural and symbolic elements. The most prominent features are the six stone figures, often depicted as celestial maidens or nymphs ('widyadara' and 'widyadari'), from whose urns or breasts water gracefully flows into the main basin. Originally, there were believed to be seven such statues, symbolizing the seven holy rivers of India – the Ganges, Sarasvati, Yamuna, Sindhu, Godavari, Kaveri, and Narmada – which holds deep significance in Hindu beliefs. The water itself is considered holy, imbued with purifying energy capable of cleansing both body and spirit.

The intricate carvings, combined with the surrounding natural beauty of the jungle ravine, create an atmosphere of profound serenity and spiritual contemplation. The discovery of these pools in the mid-20th century, long after the main cave was known, added another layer to the mystery and historical depth of Goa Gajah, offering a fuller picture of how the site functioned as an important religious center.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

Local lore and archaeological findings interweave to enrich the narrative of the Bathing Pools. The legend of the giant Kebo Iwa, who some believe created the main cave with a mere fingernail, adds a mythical dimension to the site's origins. While this refers more to the cave, it speaks to the deep-rooted storytelling traditions surrounding such ancient places.

A fascinating 'fun fact' is the later discovery of the bathing pools. For decades after the cave's rediscovery, the elaborate fountains and pools remained buried, only coming to light through diligent archaeological work. This means that for a period, visitors and scholars were unaware of this significant component of the ancient complex. The harmonious blend of Hindu and Buddhist imagery throughout Goa Gajah is also a testament to Bali's unique religious tapestry, reflecting a history where diverse spiritual paths converged in shared sacred spaces.

Today, the Bathing Pools remain an active site for local Balinese Hindus. Visitors may witness devotees placing offerings of flowers, rice, and incense, maintaining the sacred atmosphere that has persisted for centuries. This continuous spiritual practice bridges the ancient past with the vibrant present of Balinese culture.

Visitor Perspective

For a curious traveler, the Bathing Pools of Goa Gajah offer a reflective and culturally immersive experience. Upon entering the Goa Gajah complex, a stone stairway leads down to the sunken courtyard where the pools are situated, inviting a sense of descent into a sacred realm. The sight of the nymph statues continually spouting water creates a soothing ambiance, and many visitors pause here to absorb the tranquility and admire the craftsmanship. Although visitors are generally allowed to explore the area around the pools, actively participating in the bathing rituals is typically reserved for devotees.

Respect for local customs is paramount when visiting. As with other temples in Bali, visitors are expected to dress modestly, typically by wearing a sarong and sash, which are often provided at the entrance. It's also customary for women who are menstruating not to enter sacred temple areas, including the pools. Visiting in the early morning can offer a quieter, more contemplative experience, allowing for better appreciation of the site's spiritual essence before larger crowds arrive. The Bathing Pools are an integral part of the Goa Gajah journey, offering a tangible connection to Bali's ancient purification rites and artistic traditions.