The Crypt

Overview

Deep beneath the majestic dome of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London, United Kingdom, lies 'The Crypt', an extraordinary subterranean space that offers a profound journey into British history. This expansive crypt holds the distinction of being the largest in Europe, stretching an impressive 30,000 square feet and mirroring the entire footprint of the grand cathedral above. Far from being a dark and somber place, 'The Crypt' is a calm and atmospheric environment, illuminated to reveal its vaulted ceilings and intricate stonework. It serves as the final resting place and memorial site for many of Britain's most celebrated figures, inviting visitors to explore the legacies of national heroes, renowned artists, brilliant scientists, and influential poets.

History & Cultural Background

The history of 'The Crypt' is intrinsically linked with the story of St. Paul’s Cathedral itself, a site that has been a spiritual center for over 1,400 years. The current cathedral, an English Baroque masterpiece designed by Sir Christopher Wren, was built between 1675 and 1710 after its predecessor, Old St. Paul's, was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666. 'The Crypt' was an integral part of Wren's design, evolving with the reconstruction of the cathedral in the 17th century. Interestingly, the site of St. Paul's has been home to several churches dedicated to St. Paul the Apostle, with the earliest foundations dating back to 604 AD. Within 'The Crypt', the Chapel of St. Faith stands as a testament to this deeper history. It is the oldest chapel here, dating back to the 12th century, and was originally a parish church on the site of Old St. Paul's before being incorporated into the crypt during the cathedral's rebuilding. This historical continuity, from ancient worship to the present day, imbues 'The Crypt' with a unique sense of enduring heritage.

What Makes It Special

'The Crypt' is not merely a burial ground; it is a sprawling historical gallery, unparalleled in its scope and the eminence of those commemorated within its walls. Its sheer size as Europe's largest crypt is a remarkable architectural feat. What truly sets it apart is the illustrious company it keeps. Here, visitors can find the tombs of some of Britain's most pivotal figures:

• Admiral Lord Nelson: The naval hero of the Battle of Trafalgar rests within a striking black marble sarcophagus.
• Arthur Wellesley, the 1st Duke of Wellington: The military genius who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo, his tomb is marked by an impressive granite sarcophagus.
• Sir Christopher Wren: The visionary architect of St. Paul's Cathedral himself lies beneath his greatest masterpiece, his simple tomb bearing the famous Latin epitaph, 'Lector, si monumentum requiris, circumspice' — 'Reader, if you seek his monument, look around you.'
• Florence Nightingale: Although buried elsewhere, the pioneering nurse of the Crimean War is honored with a significant memorial.
• J.M.W. Turner and Sir Joshua Reynolds: Two giants of English painting are among the celebrated artists interred or commemorated in the crypt, including an area affectionately known as 'Painters' Corner'.
• Sir Alexander Fleming: The discoverer of penicillin, whose work revolutionized medicine, is also interred here.

Beyond these notable figures, 'The Crypt' also houses the Chapel of the Order of the British Empire (OBE Chapel), dedicated in 1960, and a bust of the first US President, George Washington. A Treasury displays Wren's memorabilia, including his penknife, measuring rod, and even his death mask, offering a very personal connection to the cathedral's creator.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

Exploring 'The Crypt' reveals fascinating tales and intriguing details that bring history to life. One of the most captivating stories surrounds Admiral Nelson's sarcophagus. This elaborate black marble tomb was not originally intended for him. It was first commissioned by Cardinal Wolsey, chief advisor to King Henry VIII, but upon Wolsey's fall from grace, it remained unused for centuries. It was King George III who later presented it to house the remains of Nelson. The journey of Nelson's body to its final resting place is also remarkable; his remains were reportedly transported back from the Battle of Trafalgar in a cask of naval brandy. For the Duke of Wellington's interment, his coffin was dramatically lowered through a specially created opening in the cathedral floor above, underscoring the significance of his burial. Wren's epitaph, etched on his tomb, is a poignant and clever tribute, inviting visitors to look at the magnificent architecture surrounding them as his true memorial. Among the many memorials, visitors can also discover Tudor effigies that miraculously survived the Great Fire of London and a scale model of the medieval Old St. Paul's Cathedral, providing a glimpse into the building's previous incarnations.

Visitor Perspective

Visiting 'The Crypt' offers a unique and deeply immersive experience. It provides a peaceful and atmospheric contrast to the grandeur of the main cathedral floor above, allowing for quiet reflection amidst centuries of history. Far from being dark or claustrophobic, the space is well-lit and surprisingly accessible, with even floors and stair-free access in some areas, making it comfortable for all visitors. Many find it a 'must-see' for its historical and architectural significance. Beyond the solemnity of the tombs, 'The Crypt' also caters to modern visitors, housing a cafe and shop, where one can pause, refresh, and digest the incredible stories encountered. It's an opportunity to connect with the past on a deeply personal level, walking among the giants of British history and witnessing their lasting legacies firsthand.