Montmartre

Overview

Montmartre, a district nestled on a large hill in Paris's 18th arrondissement, stands apart with its unique village-like atmosphere, distinctly different from the grand boulevards of central Paris. Known primarily for its rich artistic history, its iconic white-domed Basilica of the Sacré-Cœur, and its vibrant entertainment past, Montmartre continues to charm visitors with its picturesque cobbled streets, steep pathways, and breathtaking panoramic views over the City of Light.

History & Cultural Background

The name 'Montmartre' is believed to derive from 'Mons Martis' (Mount of Mars) from Roman times, where temples dedicated to Mars and Mercury once stood. Later, it became 'Mount of Martyrs' following the decapitation of Saint Denis, Paris's first bishop, on the hill around 250 AD, transforming into 'Montmartre'. In the Middle Ages, a Benedictine Abbey was established here. For centuries, Montmartre remained a rural village on the outskirts of Paris, characterized by windmills, vineyards, and gypsum mines, which produced 'Plaster of Paris'. It was officially incorporated into Paris in 1860, becoming part of the 18th district. However, its location outside the historical city walls meant that goods, including wine, were often tax-free, contributing to a lively, bohemian culture. The late 19th century saw Montmartre flourish as a haven for artists, writers, and musicians, drawn by its relatively low rents, vibrant light, and liberal atmosphere. The construction of the Basilica of the Sacré-Cœur, which began in 1875 and was consecrated in 1914, was conceived as an act of national penance and reconciliation following the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 and the tumultuous Paris Commune.

What Makes It Special

Montmartre's enduring appeal lies in its captivating blend of history, art, and Parisian romance. The most striking landmark is the Basilica of the Sacré-Cœur, a magnificent white edifice built in a Romanesque-Byzantine style, perched majestically at the summit of the hill. From its forecourt, visitors are rewarded with unparalleled panoramic views that stretch across the entire city of Paris. Just a short walk from the basilica, the bustling Place du Tertre comes alive with artists painting and sketching portraits, continuing a tradition that dates back over a century. Down the hill, the world-famous Moulin Rouge cabaret, with its iconic red windmill, stands as a symbol of Parisian nightlife since its opening in 1889, and is celebrated as the birthplace of the French Cancan. Beyond these famous sites, Montmartre's charm is in its winding, cobblestone streets, hidden staircases, and quiet squares that evoke the feeling of a timeless French village.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

Montmartre is steeped in stories that bring its past to life. It was here, in the impoverished yet creatively charged studios of the Bateau-Lavoir, that Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque co-founded Cubism in the early 20th century. Many other renowned artists, including Vincent van Gogh, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and Edgar Degas, lived and worked in Montmartre, drawing inspiration from its unique light and vibrant life. A delightful surprise in the heart of the city is the Clos de Montmartre, one of Paris's last remaining working vineyards. Each October, it hosts the Fête des Vendanges, a lively grape harvest festival. For film buffs, a stop at Café des Deux Moulins on Rue Lepic offers a nod to the beloved film 'Amélie,' where much of the movie was set. The district also boasts the Musée de Montmartre, located in a house where Renoir and Suzanne Valadon once lived and worked, offering a glimpse into the artists' lives and the area's history. Even a hidden gem like Studio 28, the first avant-garde cinema on the Right Bank, holds a place in cultural history, having been a gathering spot for surrealists like Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí.

Visitor Perspective

Exploring Montmartre is best done on foot, allowing travelers to wander through its charming streets and discover hidden corners. Comfortable shoes are highly recommended due to the hilly terrain and numerous stairs. To reach the Sacré-Cœur Basilica, visitors can either climb the 222 steps or take the Montmartre Funicular for an easier ascent. While the main attractions like the basilica and Place du Tertre can get crowded, especially during midday, visiting in the early morning or late afternoon often provides a more serene experience and fewer crowds. It's also wise to be mindful of pickpockets, particularly in crowded tourist areas. To truly appreciate Montmartre, travelers should venture beyond the most bustling spots, exploring side streets, enjoying a coffee at a local café, and simply soaking in the artistic and historic ambiance that permeates this unforgettable Parisian district.