Lembit Submarine

Overview

Deep within the architecturally stunning seaplane hangars of the Seaplane Harbour (Lennusadam) in Tallinn, Estonia, lies a true marvel of naval history: the Lembit Submarine. This impressive vessel, a Kalev-class mine-laying submarine, stands as a tangible link to Estonia's interwar independence and its complex maritime past. It is not merely an exhibit but a preserved piece of history, offering visitors a unique opportunity to step inside and experience the cramped, yet fascinating, world of a 1930s submarine. Lembit is a centerpiece of the Estonian Maritime Museum, captivating guests with its story of resilience and technological prowess, housed in one of Northern Europe's most magnificent maritime museums.

History & Cultural Background

The EML Lembit was one of two Kalev-class mine-laying submarines commissioned by the Republic of Estonia before World War II. Built by Vickers-Armstrongs in Barrow-in-Furness, England, she was launched in 1936 and arrived in Estonia in July 1937. The construction of Lembit held particular national significance, as its funding came partly from a nationwide collection of scrap metal, marking it as one of the most successful national fundraising efforts in Estonian history. Her sister ship, Kalev, was unfortunately lost during the war in October 1941.

Lembit's service life was long and eventful. Initially serving in the Estonian Navy, she was incorporated into the Soviet Navy's Baltic Fleet after Estonia's occupation in 1940. She participated in World War II, conducting several war patrols and engaging enemy ships. After the war, Lembit continued to serve as an experimental and training vessel, eventually being decommissioned in 1979. In 1992, following Estonia's regaining of independence, Lembit became the symbolic 'vessel No. 1' of the newly re-established Estonian Navy.

In 2011, after spending 75 continuous years in water and being recognized as potentially the oldest submarine still afloat in the world, Lembit was carefully hauled ashore. This delicate operation involved the use of marine airbags and the submarine was then moved into the Seaplane Harbour museum, which opened its doors in May 2012.

What Makes It Special

The Lembit Submarine is exceptional for several reasons. It is one of the very few surviving pre-World War II submarines globally and holds the distinction of being the only preserved pre-war military ship in the Baltic region. Its remarkable state of preservation, with almost its original shape and without substantial reconstruction, provides an authentic glimpse into 1930s naval technology.

Furthermore, Lembit's presence within the Seaplane Harbour adds another layer of uniqueness. The museum itself is housed in historic seaplane hangars, an architectural marvel from World War I that features some of the world's first reinforced concrete domes of their size without internal supports. The context of this award-winning museum and its other impressive exhibits, such as the century-old icebreaker Suur Tõll, elevates the experience of visiting Lembit.

Stories, Fun Facts & Local Details

Life aboard a submarine like Lembit was incredibly challenging. With a crew of 32, conditions were cramped, with sailors often having to sleep in the torpedo room. The design of Lembit was so advanced for its time that even during its post-war service with the Soviet Navy, its pressure-tight anti-aircraft gun storage hatch was of particular interest and was reportedly copied into designs for later Soviet missile submarines.

A poignant moment in its history occurred in 1992 when, amid concerns that the vessel might be transferred to Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union, members of the Estonian Home Defence League took control of Lembit, ensuring its place in Estonian heritage. Today, visitors can immerse themselves in this history by walking through the submarine's inner compartments, including the control room, torpedo station, and crew quarters. The narrow passageways offer a direct, physical understanding of the realities of submarine life.

Visitor Perspective

Stepping into the Seaplane Harbour and approaching the Lembit Submarine is an experience that transports you back in time. The submarine is prominently displayed, allowing visitors to appreciate its scale and intricate design from multiple angles. For many, exploring the interior of Lembit is the highlight of their visit. The museum encourages an interactive experience, inviting guests to imagine themselves as part of the brave crew that once navigated the Baltic Sea.

While exploring the submarine, one becomes acutely aware of the realities of life below the waves: the tight spaces, the complex machinery, and the sense of isolation. Comfortable footwear is recommended due to the narrow and sometimes low passageways. Beyond the Lembit, the Seaplane Harbour offers a wealth of other engaging exhibits, including various boats, a replica seaplane, and interactive simulators, making for a comprehensive and memorable educational journey into Estonia's rich maritime heritage.