Hagia Sophia, built in 537 AD by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, has stood as a central symbol of power, faith, and architecture for nearly 1,500 years. It was originally constructed as a Christian cathedral, later converted into a mosque by the Ottomans in 1453, transformed into a museum in 1935, and in 2020, it was reopened as a functioning mosque.

This architectural marvel is best known for its massive central dome, which was considered a breakthrough in engineering during its time and influenced religious architecture for centuries. Inside, you'll find a rare blend of design elements: intricate Byzantine mosaics, massive marble pillars, and towering medallions with Arabic calligraphy, all coexisting under one breathtaking ceiling.

A fun feature inside is the "Weeping Column," a pillar believed to have healing powers. Visitors often place their thumb into a small hole and turn it 360 degrees while making a wish—a playful tradition that adds to the building's mystique.

Today, Hagia Sophia welcomes millions of visitors each year. While it operates as a mosque, tourists are welcome to explore outside of prayer times. Entry is free, but modest dress is required, and you'll need to remove your shoes before stepping inside. It's a powerful place where history, culture, and faith are etched into every stone.

Hagia Sophia

Explore Hagia Sophia, Istanbul’s iconic 6th-century masterpiece blending Byzantine art and Ottoman architecture, open to visitors today.

During the Ottoman period, eight enormous roundels bearing Arabic script were installed high on the interior walls. Each medallion, about 7.5 meters in diameter, displays sacred names—Allah, Muhammad, and the first four caliphs—crafted by renowned 19th-century calligrapher Kazasker Mustafa Izzet. Their presence alongside Christian imagery illustrates Hagia Sophia’s role as a spiritual bridge between two major religions. 

Islamic Calligraphy

Monumental Islamic panels contrast with Christian elements.

Islamic Calligraphy

Istanbul, Turkey

Monumental Islamic panels contrast with Christian elements.

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